APPENDICES

Ships of the Acadian Expulsion, 1755-58

Unless otherwise noted, the information below is taken from Dr. Don Landry's website <landrystuff.com/ExpulsionShips.html> [now inaccessible].

1755-56

Dr. Landry writes:  "It appears that the ships used for the expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia ... were a variety of makeshift second hand cargo vessels, making up a fleet of about 24 sailing vessels.  Governor Shirley [of Massachusetts] and Colonel Lawrence [lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia] had contracted, or chartered these vessels, by the month, for a flat fee per head [9s. per ton], from Charles Apthorp and Thomas Hancock of the Boston Mercantile firm of Apthorp and Hancock.  And, after they were outfitted and converted in Boston to hold 2 persons per ton (in some cases 300 to 500 persons) [a maritime ton was 100 cubic feet of capacity], they were brought over from Boston to Nova Scotia.  The transports were ready on the 11th of October."  He also writes:  "The amount of provisions for the transports were included in the sailing orders issued by Lawrence and was to be 5 pounds of flour and one pound of pork (or 1 lb of beef 2 lbs bread and 5 lbs flour) for (each) 7 days for each person so embarked."

The ships are listed first by departure point, then chronologically by departure date, then alphabetically by destination and ship's name for same day of departure.  HMS means of course His Majesty's Ship and designates a warship in the Royal Navy.  

Milling, Exile Without End, 47, lists an HMS Jamaica, under master Samuel Hood, as one of the two British warships that went to South Carolina with Acadian prisoners of war, but I have found this ship in no other source.  It arrived with HMS Syren, so it may also have come from Chignecto in late 1755.

Note that this list contains no ships that removed Acadians from Cobeguit in the fall of 1755.  This is because virtually the entire population of that settlement escaped to Île St.-Jean, now Prince Edward Island, via Tatamagouche and other North Shore ports, before British forces could get to them that summer.  Île St.-Jean at the time was a French possession, so, by escaping to the island, the Cobeguit refugees enjoyed a respite from British oppression; in fact, many Acadians from Cobeguit had moved there in the early 1750s at the behest of the Abbé Le Loutre, a French priest who controlled the local Mi'kmaq bands and who used threats of pillaging and murder to pressure the Acadians into supporting the French.  The Île St.-Jean Acadians' respite from deportation ended in the autumn of 1758 when the French stronghold at Louisbourg on nearby Île Royale fell to the British in late July.  British forces descended on Île St.-Jean, rounded up most of its Acadian habitants, and deported them on overcrowded ships to France.  Many of the Cobeguit migrants were among the Acadians rounded up on the island.  

Chepoudy, Petitcoudiac, and Memramcook (the trois-rivières) were Chignecto-area settlements.  In the summer of 1755, the trois-rivières settlements lay in territory claimed but not controlled by Britain.  Such was the case also of the Beaubassin area of Chignecto west of the Missaguash River, the present boundary between the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.  The fall of French Fort Beauséjour near Beaubassin on 16 June 1755, which the British renamed Fort Cumberland, and the summons by Lieutenant Colonel Monckton of the Chignecto area men to Fort Cumberland on August 10 to hear Governor Lawrence's proclamation, nabbed 420 Acadian men and boys, hence the hundreds deported from there.  If a man from the trois-rivières answered Monckton's summons and fell into the clutches of the British, his family likely departed with him on one of the Chignecto transports two months later.  But most of the Acadians from the trois-rivières, especially from the upper Petitcoudiac, fled into the woods after Beauséjour fell and escaped deportation.  Meanwhile, while waiting for the transports to arrive, the British confined some of the Chignecto men at nearby Fort Lawrence.  On the night of October 1, 85 of the Fort Lawrence detainees, led probably by resistance leader Joseph Broussard dit Beausoleil of Petitcoudiac, escaped through a tunnel, and most of them probably eluded deportation.  Meanwhile, British forces burned the farms at Chepoudy, on the lower Petitcoudiac, and on the Memramcook as they had done at Minas, Beaubassin, and in the Annapolis River valley, to deny the escapees sustenance during the winter months ahead.  When a British force was burning the villages on the Petitcoudiac in early September, a force of French troupes de la marine, Acadian partisans, and Indians, led by Lieutenant Charles Deschamps de Boishébert, recently arrived from Rivière St.-Jean, drove them away, but only after Monckton's men captured 30 women and children and destroyed hundreds of buildings and a large quantity of wheat.  The British did not return to the upper Petitcoudiac until 1758, after the fall of Louisbourg, so that area became a center of resistance, led by Beausoleil Broussard and others, against the hated invaders.  

In the autumn of 1755, the British did not or could not get at the Acadians on Rivière St.-Jean, in present-day New Brunswick, hence no transports were sent from there.  On 30 June 1755, soon after the fall of Beauséjour, a British naval force under ex-privateer Captain John Rous attacked the French fort near the mouth of Rivière St.-Jean, Fort Menagouèche.  The fort's commander, Lieutenant Charles Deschamps de Boishébert, blew up the fort and withdrew upriver to a narrow bend, where, from a previously established fortified camp, he and his men blocked passage up the river.  As a result, the settlements farther up the St.-Jean at Ste.-Anne-du-Pays-Bas, Ekoupag, and Nashouat, where most of Acadians in the area lived, were safe for now.  This was fortunate for the 300 or so Annapolis valley Acadians who escaped deportation in the autumn of 1755.  After languishing in the woods above the valley and enduring a terrible winter on the Fundy shore, in March 1756 they crossed the bay to the French-controlled side and found succor among their countrymen on Rivière St.-Jean.  Acadians from Annapolis Royal bound for North Carolina aboard the ship Pembroke, after seizing the vessel, sought refuge among the Acadians on the St.-Jean in the winter of 1756, as did refugees from the trois-rivières area who had managed to elude British forces the previous autumn.  By the spring of 1756, in fact, Boishébert reported to his superior, the governor-general of Canada, that he was attempting to feed and shelter upwards of 600 refugees and settlers on the St.-Jean, nearly triple the size of the population there before the deportations!  In mid-June 1756, more refugees appeared on the river, including five families from South Carolina, who, after being released by the governor of that faraway colony, had made the long, perilous journey back to Acadia by boat.  Nine men among these refugees, including Alexandre and Victor Broussard dit Beausoleil, had escaped from South Carolina before the governor's "amnesty" and had made their way overland through Indian country, determined to return to their families in the Chignecto area.  Only the Broussards made it to Rivière St.-Jean.  They continued on to Shediac, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to join their relatives there, but the other refugees from South Carolina lingered at the settlements along the St.-Jean.  As a result of the overcrowding and lack of subsistence on the river, Boishébert urged refugee families to move on to Miramichi, north of Shediac, or to Québec, where many of their fellow Acadians already had gone via the St.-Jean portage route to Rivière-du-Loup on the lower St. Lawrence.  Some of the South Carolina refugees were allowed to join their kinsmen on Île St.-Jean although the island had become crowded with refugees from Chignecto and Cobeguit.  Not until the late summer of 1758, after the fall of Louisbourg on Île Royale, did the British send a large expedition, under Brigadier Robert Monckton, the despoiler of Chignecto, to round up the Acadians on Rivière St.-Jean.  Monckton's numbers overawed the few French and Indians defending the lower river.  Monckton built Fort Frederic at the mouth of the river, which prompted most of the Acadians upriver to move on to Québec or to refugee camps on the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore or face deportation.  A few months later, in late January or early February 1759, Monckton sent New-English rangers under Lieutenant Moses Hazen to clear out the river settlements around Ste.-Anne-du-Pays-Bas, with terrible consequences for the Acadians still living there.  

The small number of transports that took away the Acadians at Cap-Sable in the spring of 1756 reflects the size of that community.  With the British capital at Halifax so near to them, unless they had access to ocean-going vessels, the Acadians at Cap-Sable were trapped in a geographic cul de sac when Lieutenant-Governor Lawrence ordered the deportation of the Acadians from the Fundy shore.  One of two transports sent to Cap-Sable in the spring of 1756, the Mary, had taken Minas Acadians to Virginia the previous October.  In May 1756, after the Virginia House of Burgesses refused to allow the surviving Acadians to remain in the colony, the refugees boarded four overcrowded transports destined for England.  The Mary, having returned to Nova Scotia to retrieve a second load of exiles, was not one of them.  She was used, instead, to transport to New York 100 of the 172 Cap-Sable Acadians rounded up by New-English Colonel Jedediah Preble in April.  After the fall of Louisbourg in July 1758, the British returned to Cap-Sable, rounded up more of the inhabitants in the area, and sent them to Georges Island at Halifax before deporting them to France via England in late 1759. 

From Chignecto

From Minas (Grand-Pré, Rivière-aux-Canards, and other lower communities)

From Pigiguit

From Annapolis Royal

From Halifax

From Cap-Sable

1758

Dr. Landry writes:  "After the fall of Louisbourg in July of 1758, it was decided that the Acadians of Île Royale (now Cape Breton), Île St.-Jean (Prince Edward Island) [be transported] to France and the transports were assembled in November, 1758.  However, soon after their departure, the transports were delayed in the Gut of Canso until November 25, 1758 when they finally set sail for France. ... Between September 8, 1758 and November 5, 1758 it was believed that 2,200 Acadians were embarked on 16 ships destined for France."  Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians, 21-32, offers a more detailed account of the initial voyage of the island fugitives:  15 transports--Briton, Duke William (the second one), John and Samuel, Mathias, Neptune, Parnassus, Patience, Restoration, Richard and Mary, Ruby, Supply, Tamerlane, Three Sisters, Violet, and Yarmouth--under escort of H.M.S. Hind, left the harbor at Port-La-Joye for Louisbourg via the Gut of Canso on 4 November 1758.  They entered the Gut the following day, were hit by a storm, and two of the transports--Tamerlane and Parnassus--were driven ashore.  The Tamerlane was salvaged and repaired, but the Parnassus was lost.  Luckily, all of the passengers from the two vessels were rescued by boats from the Hind and the other transports.  A third transport, the Richard and Mary, struck rocks off the coast of Île Madame on November 13.  Again, all of the passengers were saved, though the ship was lost.  The Hind and Briton, carrying French soldiers, sailed on to Louisbourg, and the remaining transports took shelter in Chédabouctou Bay after their harrying passage through the Gut of Canso.  After repairs and regrouping, 12 transports departed Chédabouctou on November 25, all bound for ports in England, where they planned to take on fresh water and provisions before moving on to St.-Malo. 

According to Parkman, France & England, 2:1249-50, in late summer 1758, after the fall of Louisbourg, Andrew, Lord Rollo, in command of Britain's 35th Regiment of Foot and two battalions of the 60th Regiment of Foot, "received the submission of Isle St.-Jean, and tried to remove the inhabitants,--with small success; for out of more than four thousand he could catch but seven hundred."  Parkman obviously is referring to the number of habitants captured by Rollo's men on their first foray up Rivier-de-Nord-Est in Aug.  See Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians, 15-16.  Carl A. Brasseaux says in his Scattered to the Wind, 29:  "It is indeed a popular misconception that all of the Acadians were deported from the region in 1755.  Only 6,000-7,000 of Nova Scotia's 12,000-18,000 resident Acadians were removed from their homeland during the Grand Dérangement [1755-56].  Those who escaped deportation became fugitives.  Hundreds made their way to Prince Edward Island (then called Ile St-Jean), a French possession which had been established earlier in the eighteenth century by Acadians no longer wishing to remain under British rule; by 1758, there were between 3,400 and 5,000 Acadians residing there.  Following the fall of Louisbourg on neighboring Cape Breton Island in 1758, Prince Edward Island was occupied by British forces who deported to France two-thirds of the Acadian population."  Italics added.  

According to figures compiled by Louis-Xavier Perez based on documents found at the Archives de la Marine, Brest, France, and found on the website <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>, 1,785 Acadians sailed aboard the ships that reached St.-Malo from the French Maritime islands in late 1758 and early 1759.  These vessels, listed by Perez, were the Antelope, Duc Guillaume (the first so named), and Queen of Spain, which left Île Royale in September.  The Tamerlane, Supply, and the so-called "Five Ships"--Yarmouth, Patience, Mathias, Restoration, and John and Samuel--were only part of the 12-vessel convoy that left Chédabouctou Bay in late November.  Of these 1,785 passengers, 582, or 32.6%, died at sea, and 220 more died soon after reaching St.-Malo, 802 deaths in all--a reflection of the terrible conditions aboard the transports.  Add the deaths at sea to the deaths at St.-Malo soon after arrival, and the total death rate on the 12 ships climbs to ... 45%.  Perez's listing does not include the 400+ Acadians aboard the Violet and 360 or so aboard the Duke William (the second of the name)--nearly 800 more Acadians--who were part of the 12-ship convoy but perished in a mid-December storm off the southwest coast of England, or the 190 lost aboard the Ruby, also a part of the convoy, which the same storm drove to the Azores and which crashed on the rocks of Pico Island.  So, if a final count could be made of the exiles who crossed to France on these dozen or so vessels, well over half of the Acadians deported from the French Maritimes in 1758-59 perished in the operation.  For balanced accounts of the 1758-59 deportations, see Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," & Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians.

Keep in mind that not all of the British transports from the Maritime islands who reached France landed at St.-Malo, their intended destination.  Due to storms and other mishaps encountered during the crossing, island Acadians landed also at Brest, Cherbourg, La Rochelle, Le Havre, Morlaix, and Boulogne-sur-Mer.  As planned, some, if not all, of the British transports landed at English ports before going on to France.  One ship, the Ruby, on its way to England, was driven by the mid-December storm to the Portuguese Azores, foundered on one of the islands there, and lost 190 of the 310 Acadians aboard, a death toll of 61.3%.  Evidently more of the Acadians died in the Azores.  A Portuguese ship took only 87 survivors to England, and an English vessel took them on to Le Havre.  After reaching France, some of the island Acadians remained in the ports where they had landed, while others moved on to St.-Malo to join relatives already there. 

A careful perusal of the first two volumes of Albert Robichaux, Jr.'s Acadians in St.-Malo reveals a number of Acadian families who did not reach St.-Malo until 1763.  Most of these late arrivals were not Maritime exiles but Acadians from several English ports.  In 1755, the British had sent 1,500 of them in five ships from Minas to Virginia.  Virginia authorities deported them to England the following spring, when their numbers had dwindled to 1,225.  For seven years, the English warehoused them at Bristol, Southampton, Falmouth, and Liverpool, where many of them died of smallpox and other ailments.  Finally, after prolonged negotiations with the French government, the British repatriated the 750 or so survivors to Morlaix and St.-Malo in the spring of 1763.  Two years later, most of them moved on to Belle-Île-en-Mer off the southern coast of Brittany. 

NOTES

01.  Passenger figures are from <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>.

02.  According to <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>, & Robichaux, Acadians in St.-Malo, a ship named Le Duc Guillaume, French for Duke William, reached St.-Malo on 1 Nov 1758.  Upon its arrival, Le Duc Guillaume had 283 left on aboard; 148 passengers had died at sea, and 37 died in hospitals soon after arrival, for a death toll of 53.4%.  

There were two ships in the 1758-59 deportation named Duke William.  The second ship so named did not leave Chédaboutou Bay until 25 Nov 1758, weeks after the other Duke William, called here Duc Guillaume, reached St.-Malo.  The second Duke William, not the first one, was lost at sea.  Dr. Landry says that as the Duke William, under Captain Nicholls, was sinking, the captain & his crew, along with the Acadians' priest, saved themselves, but most of the Acadians perished.  However, 4 Acadians managed to board a small ship's boat before the Duke William sank &, in 2 days, arrived safely at Falmouth.  The priest, meanwhile, along with the captain & some of the crew, made their way to Penzance in a lifeboat.  The rest of the crew sailed to Land's End aboard the ship's cutter & soon joined the others at Penzance.  See the website Acadian Roots, which contains Captain Nicholls's "Narrative of the Voyage and Loss of the Duke William, Transport ...," & Lucie LeBlanc Consentino's website <acadian-home.org>, which, under the titles "Acadians Die at Sea/Acadians Lost at Sea," contains an extract of a letter from Captain Nicholls sent from Pensanze[sic] & published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on 19 Apr 1759, probably an earlier version of his "Narrative."  The captain's "Narrative" reveals the name of the Île St.-Jean priest who abandoned his Acadian charges aboard the Duke William--Fr. Pierre GERARD, a Frenchman.  Acadian genealogist Stephen A. White documents many families who perished aboard the Duke William.  See, for example, White, DGFA-1, 513, 519-20, DGFA-1 English, 111, which, citing Captain Nicholls's accounts, relates the fate of Noël DOIRON of Pointe-Prime, Île St.-Jean, & his entire family, who, White concludes, "perished when the ship [Duke William] sank in the sea."  DOIRON probably was the aged Acadian patriarch--"a hundred and ten years old," Captain Nicholls averred, but in truth "only" age 74--who, after all efforts had failed to save the vessel & no other ship would come to their rescue, insisted that the captain & his crew take to the boats & save themselves, knowing full well that the ship, with all its passengers, was doomed.  The numbers aboard the sunken Duke William--"upwards of three hundred French prisoners on board," "near four hundred souls," including officers & crew, &, precisely "three hundred and sixty souls" lost at sea--are from Captain Nicholls's Journal. 

Also in both of Captain Nicholls's accounts is the name of the captain of the Violet, which also sank in the North Atlantic in Dec 1758, a few days before the Duke William went down & within sight of the latter ship's passengers & crew.  Captain Nicholls says the Violet went down "with near four hundred souls."  No one, not even the captain & crew, survived the sinking of the Violet.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations, says "almost 300 lives" were lost aboard that ship.  

Captain Nicholls's accounts are clear--his ship, the Duke William (which, remember, was the second of the name), sank 4 days after the Violet went down on Dec 12.  Delaney, Lockerby, White, DGFA-1, & other sources, followed here, insist the Duke William sank the following day on Dec 13. 

LeBlanc, T., Acadian Driftwood, 141, without citation, says the Duke William led the convoy that left Chédabouctou Bay on 25 Nov 1758 and "was a ten-gun, four-hundred-tonne-ship...."  Why so many guns?  Was it an armed merchant vessel?  None of the other vessels in the 12-ship convoy were as large, yet the Violet, at 315 tons, held more passengers, unfortunatley for the Acadians. 

03.  <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>, says that this ship had 105 aboard, 66 died at sea, & 9 died in hospitals soon after arrival, for a death toll of 71.4%.

04.  Passenger figures are from <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>.  Although the figures given here mention no passengers who died "aprés l'arrivée," note that Étienne Blanchard, age 29, "single," lingered at the residence of the widow Launay "at Bassablons," near St.-Malo, "until his death" on 10 Apr 1759, 2 1/2 months after the Tamerlane's arrival.  See Robichaux, Acadians in St.-Malo, 65.  One suspects that he died from the rigors of the crossing.  For Étienne's place on the ship's passenger list, see <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/Tamerlan.htm>, "Family" No. 12. 

05.  <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>, says that this ship had 167 aboard, 24 died at sea, & 19 died in hospitals soon after arrival, for a total death toll of 25.7%.

06.  According to <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>, followed here, the "Five Ships"--Yarmouth, Patience, Mathias, Restoration, & John Samuel --had 1,033 aboard, 339 died at sea, & 156 died in hospitals soon after arrival, for a death toll of 495, or 48%.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," says 5 ships with 692 Acadians prisoners from Île St.-Jean left for Louisbourg on Aug 31 & reached the citadel on Sep 4.  Delaney says that on Nov 25, from Chédabouctou Bay, which is on the northeastern coast of NS, the Duke William, Violet, Yarmouth, Neptune, John and Samuel, Ruby, & "at least one other ship with deportees from Ile-Saint-Jean," departed for France, & that the John and Samuel, Mathias, Patience, Restoration, & Yarmouth "with from 665 to 690 deportees on board from Ile-Saint-Jean," arrived at St.-Servan, near St.-Malo, on 23 Jan 1759. 

07.  Figures from Milling, Exile Without End, 47.  The Endeavour from Chignecto should not be confused with the Endeavour from Minas, which was driven by storm into Boston before continuing on to VA.

09.  See <perso.orange.fr/froux/St_malo_arrivees/index_arrivee.htm>.

10.  See Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations"; Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians, 41-43. 

In <acadian-home.org>, under the titles "Acadians Die at Sea/Acadians Lost at Sea," contains an article from the Pennsylvania Gazette, dated 29 Mar 1759, detailing the fate of the Ruby, under Master William Kelly:  "The same Day Capt. Wright arrived here from Fyal, and brought Advice, that the Ruby Transport, William Kelly, Master, bound to St. Maloes, with 310 of the Inhabitants of the Island of St. John on board, sprung a Leak in a Gale of Wind, and being in great Distress, the Captain made the best of his Way for the Western Islands, and thought to have got to Fyal; but the Wind shifting, they were obliged to stand for the Island of Pico, where the Ship struck on the Rocks, and soon went to Pieces, when 200 of the French perished. They had no Advice at Fyal of Commodore Keppel putting into Madeira, nor of his receiving any Damage at Sea."  

The Bird that took Ruby survivors from Portsmouth to Le Havre was the same tender that helped ferry survivors of the transport Mary to Cherbourg the previous Nov.  

11.  See Captain Nicholls's accounts, cited above, which also calls the ship Parnassus.  Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians, 21, 30, also calls it Parnassus. 

12.  According to Millard, "The Acadians in Virginia," 257-58, 5 of the 7 transports sent to VA were allowed to remain:  1 was sent up to Richmond, 2 were disembarked at Hampton, & 2 at Norfolk.  Yet Gov. Dinwiddie complained of having to accommodate "1,140 neutrals."  See Millard, 248; Book Five. 

The Acadians remained in the colony for only 6 months, until they were deported to England aboard 4 hired vessels during the second week of May 1756.  These vessels included the Fanny Bovey, which reached Falmouth with 204 Acadians on Jun 18; the Virginia Packet, which reached Bristol with 289 Acadians on Jun 19; the Bobby Goodridge, which reached Portsmouth with 296 Acadians on Jun 23; & the Industry, which reached Liverpool with 243 Acadians on Jun 26--1,032 Acadians in all, compared to the 1,149 who arrived there on 7 transports from Nov 1755-Jan 1756.  The Industry likely was the same vessel that had transported 177 deportees from Minas to VA.  See Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations."  Faragher, A Great & Noble Scheme, 382 gives different, higher numbers, as well as different destinations, for the Acadians going to England:  299 to Bristol, 250 to Falmouth, 340 to Southampton, & 336 to Liverpool, 1,225 in all.  This higher number implies that not only did few, if any Acadians, die in VA, but a substantial number of them were born there. 

13.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 178, gives one Hazlum as the captain of this vessel.  See also "Winslow's Journal 2," 172, which spells the name Haslam.  Evidently the original master was Ephraim Jones, who, on Oct 16, informed Lt. Col. Winslow that "As I am Under a poor State of Health, I desire your Honr to Put my Mate in as Master of the Sloop Swan, for I think he is a trusty Man."  Was this Jonathan Loviette?  Master Jones does not say.  See "Winslow's Journal 2," 174. 

14.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 178, calls this ship the Sally & Molly.  Millard, "The Acadians in Virginia," 242, calls it the Molly & Sarah.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," calls it both the Sarah and Molly & the Sally and Molly.  Dr. Landry, followed here, calls it the Sarah and Molly. 

15.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 178, spells his surname Bradgton. 

Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," says "The Pennsylvania Gazette (5 February 1756) announces that a vessel (the Properous), carrying Acadians, that was supposedly lost and had to put in at North Carolina to refit, was landed at Yorktown" on Dec 26. 

16.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 178, calls this ship the Encheere.  She should not be confused with the Endeavor from Chignecto. 

17.  "Winslow's Journal 1," 224, dated 9 Aug 1755, shows "the Sloop Elizabeth Nathl Milbery," about to depart Chignecto for Boston with discharged New Englanders from Winslow's battalion aboard.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 93, dated Sep 4, shows "the Sloop Elizabeth Nathl Milburry," with orders from Apthorp & Hancock dated Aug 21, arriving at Grand-Pré, so, in the weeks before the deportation she was a busy ship indeed.  "Winslow's Journal 2," 178, lists an unnamed ship captained by one Milbury carrying 186 Acadians to MD.  Was this the Elizabeth with a different count?  See also Book Five. 

18.  See "Winslow's Journal 2," 172-73. 

19.  This was the date they left Chignecto on their way to the rendezvous in the Annapolis Basin, which they reached the following evening & where they had to wait several weeks for the transports from Minas & Pigiguit to join them before sailing down the coast.  They did not actually put to sea until Oct 27.  See Book Five. 

20.  This is the date they left the Annapolis Basin for the voyage down the Atlantic coast.  They had left the Minas Basin a week before, on Oct 21.  See Book Five. 

21.  Dr. Landry says the Two Sisters left Annapolis on Oct 13, bound for CN or RI, but gives no arrival date.  Dr. Landry, as well as Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," say the Helena left Annapolis Royal for Boston on Oct 27.  Faragher, A Great & Noble Scheme, 363, says 7 transports left Annapolis Basin on Dec 8, so he evidently includes either the Two Sisters &, more likely, the Helena with the 6 other transports that departed that day.  See also Book Five. 

22.  Cpt. Adams & HMS Warren left with the 22 transports from Annapolis on Oct 27, its destination perhaps SC with the transports from Chignecto, but it was caught in the gale that struck the fleet, got as far as "Grand Menan" & "sprung a leake," which, after the repair, compelled him to return to NS.  He "Harboured" first at Georges Island, Halifax, & then returned to Annapolis on Dec 1, in time to assist with the embarkation there a week later.  See "Winslow's Journal 2," 186-87; Book Five.

23.  Dr. Landry says this ship began its voyage at Halifax.  Why?   

24.  Dr. Landry says the ship reached NY on 30 May 1756, but Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," says May 3.  Brasseaux, "Scattered to the Wind," 22, says May 6.  

25.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," says, under date 11 May 1756:  "The 72 Acadians of Pubnico [Pobomcoup] deported from Halifax on the Mary and destined for North Carolina[sic]," and who arrived at Boston on May 10, "refuse to leave Boston aboard the Leopard; on May 27 they will receive permission to stay and are scattered in the Massachusetts colony."  For a list of them, dated 6 May 1756, see Jehn, Acadian Exiles in the Colonies, 25. 

26.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations,", citing the Pennsylvania Gazette of 10 Jun 1756, says the Edward reached CN on May 29 following its fatal venture to Antigua.  For smallpox, see Brasseaux, "Scattered to the Wind," 24. 

27.  Faragher, A Great & Noble Scheme, 383, says this vessel arrived in SC on Nov 15.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations," says the Syren reached Charleston harbor with 4 transports between Nov 15-19. 

Dr. Landry says the Two Brothers reached Charleston harbor on Nov 11, but Delaney, "Chronology," says it arrived between Nov 15-19 with 3 other transports. 

28.  Delaney, "Chronology of the Deportations,"  without documentation, says the Providence left Halifax on Dec 30.   LeBlanc, R.-G., "Acadians in Halifax & on Georges Island," 6, citing a primary source (n17), says the Providence sailed from Halifax on Nov 15 & reached NC on 13 Jan 1756.  See Book Five. 

29.  See LeBlanc, T., Acadian Driftwood, 141. 

30.  See Lockerby, Deportation of the PEI Acadians, 44-48.  Lockerby, 44, says Mary carried 540 "prisoners."  Dr. Landry is followed here. 

.

A note on Lucie LeBlanc Consentino's Facebook blog, dated 7 Sep 2012, reads:  "Regarding lists of Acadians who were on the Duke Wiliam[sic], the Violet and the Ruby (all ships that went down at sea while deporting the Acadians from Isle St-Jean and Isle Royale), Stephen White says he is still working on those lists and will not publish them until he has completed his work. He said that the fact the Cherbourg registers came online this year has helped him but admittedly it is an arduous task and even when published it will likely not ever be a totally complete list. The [church] register for Pointe Prime would have helped but it went down with the Acadians. ;("

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